Wiki source code of Deadlock Prevention
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1.1 | 1 | Deadlocks can only occur if all four specific conditions are met. Therefore, strategies to prevent deadlocks focus on negating one of these conditions. |
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1.3 | 3 | | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------- | ---------------- | |
| 4 | | Condition | Description | Solutions | Dangers/Problems | | ||
| 5 | | Mutual Exclusion / Mutex | | ||
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1.1 | 6 | |
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1.3 | 7 | When resources can't be used by mutual thread and there are less resources than threads. | | | |
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1.1 | 11 | |
| 12 | #### Lock & Wait | ||
| 13 | |||
| 14 | * Description: | ||
| 15 | * Once a thread acquires a resource, it will not release the resource until it has acquired all of the other resources it requires and has completed its work. | ||
| 16 | * Solutions: | ||
| 17 | * Before reservation of a resource, check its accessibility. | ||
| 18 | * If a resource is not accessible, release every resource and start from anew. | ||
| 19 | * Dangers: | ||
| 20 | * Starvation: A thread never achieves to reserve all required resources. | ||
| 21 | * Livelock: Thread gets tangled up.→ This approach is always applicable but inefficient as it causes a bad performance. | ||
| 22 | |||
| 23 | #### No preemption | ||
| 24 | |||
| 25 | * Description: | ||
| 26 | * A thread is unable to steal a resources reserved by another thread. | ||
| 27 | * Solution: | ||
| 28 | * A thread is allowed to ask another thread to release all of its resources (including the required one) and starting from anew. This approach is similar to the 'Lock & Wait' solution but has a better performance. | ||
| 29 | |||
| 30 | #### Circular Waiting / Deadly Embrace | ||
| 31 | |||
| 32 | * Description: | ||
| 33 | * When two or more threads require a resource which is already reserved by another of these threads. | ||
| 34 | * Example: | ||
| 35 | * Thread T1 has resource R1 and waits for R2 to be released. | ||
| 36 | * Thread T2 has resource R2 and waits for R1 to be released. | ||
| 37 | * Solution: | ||
| 38 | * All threads reserve all resources in a the same order. | ||
| 39 | * Problems: | ||
| 40 | * The order of reservation doesn't necessarily have to be the same as the order of usage. This leads to inefficiencies like reserving a resource at the beginning which is just required at the end of the task. | ||
| 41 | * Unnecessarily long locked resources. | ||
| 42 | * Order can not always be specified. |